Linux Touch Command Examples (How to Change File Timestamp)

Every file in Linux is associated with timestamps, which specifies the last access time, last modification time and last change time.
Whenever we create a new file, or modify an existing file or its attributes, these timestamps will be updated automatically.
Touch command is used to change these timestamps (access time, modification time, and change time of a file).

1. Create an Empty File using touch

You can create an empty file using touch command. The following example will create a zero byte new file named tgs.txt.

$ touch tgs.txt

You can also use -c option to avoid creating new files. If you use -c option, and if a file doesn’t exists, touch will not create the file.

$ touch -c a.txt

Commands like ls command and find command uses these timestamp information for listing and finding files.
You can also create more than 1 files from a single touch command. The following example will create 4 files named a, b, c, and d.

$ touch a b c d

2. Change File’s Access Time using -a

We can change the access time of a file using -a option. By default it will take the current system time and update the atime field.
Before touch command is executed:

$ stat tgs.txt

  File: `tgs.txt'
  Size: 0          Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283      Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)   Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)
Access: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530
Modify: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530
Change: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530

$ touch -a tgs.txt

After the above touch command (Please note that the access time is changed):

$ stat tgs.txt

  File: `tgs.txt'
  Size: 0          Blocks: 0          IO Block: 4096   regular empty file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283      Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)   Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)
Access: 2012-10-19 00:08:23.559514525 +0530
Modify: 2012-10-18 23:58:21.663514407 +0530
Change: 2012-10-19 00:08:23.559514525 +0530

3. Change File’s Modification Time using -m

You can change the modification time of a file using -m option.

$ touch -m *.o

The above method can be used to change the mtime of all obj files, when using make utility.
NOTE: It is not possible to change the ctime using touch command

4. Explicitly Setting Access and Modification time using -t and -d

Instead of taking the current time-stamp, you can explicitly specify the time using -t and -d options.
The format for specifying -t is [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]

$ touch -t [[CC]YY]MMDDhhmm[.SS]

The following explains the above format:

• CC – Specifies the first two digits of the year
• YY – Specifies the last two digits of the year. If the value of the YY is between 70 and 99, the value of the CC digits is assumed to be 19. If the value of the YY is between 00 and 37, the value of the CC digits is assumed to be 20. It is not possible to set the date beyond January 18, 2038.
• MM – Specifies the month
• DD – Specifies the date
• hh – Specifies the hour
• mm – Specifies the minute
• SS – Specifies the seconds

For example:

$ touch -a -m -t 203801181205.09 tgs.txt

Verify the above change using stat command:

$ stat tgs.txt
  File: `tgs.txt'
  Size: 3          Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 801h/2049d Inode: 394283      Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)   Gid: ( 1000/lakshmanan)
Access: 2038-01-18 12:05:09.000000000 +0530
Modify: 2038-01-18 12:05:09.000000000 +0530
Change: 2012-10-19 00:40:58.763514502 +0530

You can also use a string to change the time
Another example:

$ touch -d "2012-10-19 12:12:12.000000000 +0530" tgs.txt

For developers, touch command will be really helpful when you are working with Makefiles

5. Copy the Time-stamp from Another File using -r

You can also take a file as a reference, and update the time for other files, so that both file will hold the same time.
The following touch command example will update the time-stamp of file a.txt with the time-stamp of tgs.txt file.

$ touch a.txt -r tgs.txt